This is where you explain why your research is necessary and how it relates to established research in your field. This is also the section where you clearly define the existing problems your research will address. In your literature review , you introduce all the sources you plan to use in your research. This includes landmark studies and their data, books, and scholarly articles. In this section, make sure you cover these aspects:. This is where you wrap it all up. Yes, you need to write a bibliography in addition to your literature review. Unlike your literature review, where you explained the relevance of the sources you chose and in some cases, challenged them, your bibliography simply lists your sources and their authors.

The three most common style guides for academics are MLA , APA , and Chicago , and each has its own particular rules and requirements. Keep in mind that each formatting style has specific guidelines for citing just about any kind of source, including photos , websites , speeches , and YouTube videos. Sometimes, a full bibliography is not needed. When this is the case, you can include a references list, which is simply a scaled-down list of all the sources you cited in your work. Research proposals, like all other kinds of academic writing, are written in a formal, objective tone. Keep in mind that being concise is a key component of academic writing; formal does not mean flowery.

Adhere to the structure outlined above. Your reader knows how a research proposal is supposed to read and expects it to fit this template. Every question the reader has while reading your proposal should be answered by the final section. As we said earlier, formal does not mean flowery. In fact, you should aim to keep your writing as brief and to-the-point as possible. The more economically you can express your purpose and goal, the better. Your research proposal should reference one or more of the landmark research pieces in your field and connect your work to these works in some way.

There are probably a lot of great reasons why your research is necessary. In fact, including too many questions and issues in your research proposal can detract from your central purpose, weakening the proposal. Save the minor issues for your research paper itself and cover only the major, key issues you aim to tackle in your proposal. A research proposal is, in essence, a piece of persuasive writing. This study also would provide benefit to lecturer and management to understand the factors that affect the usage i-Learn in UiTM. Through this study, we could also recommend to the organization to prepare a suitable training program for ensuring the successful of the implementation of i-Learn in UiTM.

They come from various programme which is from Faculty of Business Management, Faculty of Accountancy and Faculty of Information System. However, studies the use of technology in the education system began 10 years ago. There is substantial evidence of discrepancies in benefit from the technology acquired according to users and it has caused many problems in society Turner, S. and Turner, P. In addition, Ettinger, A. et al believe that the use of e-learning may cause a lot of problems. They felt that e-learning should not be used to replace classroom learning. But its use depends to the conditions and requirements.

Furthermore, learning should be driven by technology and not vice versa. If it happens, many problems will arise, especially in the time. Ebru, K. et al conducted a study of students at a college in the United State to identify the factors that influence students' perceptions of e-learning. The study found that students did not choose to use this method. This likely occurs because of the lack of guidelines for them and less emphasis from the administration. In addition, they also think that learning in the classroom give more positive impact than e-learning. They are also more dependent on visual and audio methods with a clear explanation. According to the statements above, researchers interested in studying the factors that influence the performance of students regarding i-Learn at UiTM Johor.

In line with developments in technology today, UiTM are not left to implement i-Learn system to all students. Admitting there is a positive impact on student achievement, researchers have conducted a pilot study of 20 students to get a rough picture and response of the system in UiTM. Focus of this study only on two factors, namely technology and students characteristics. They choose not to use i-Learn because of the difficulty of access and lack of awareness of this system. Although the initial response to the implementation of these system look like negative, but researchers believe the results of the survey will provide a more positive impact.

Based on some previous studies related to the implementation of e-learning, it shows that it actually helps learning. Idris on respondents found that there was a positive correlation between awareness of the benefits e-learning with the implementation of the system on an individual. Increase in Internet and computer technology today has enabled a learning process implemented in a more cost-effective. A case study carried out by Rentroia-Bonito, M. et al on a group of students using e-learning methods called Virtual Learning Environment, which combines video and interactive web site.

The study found that there is a consistent and efficient communication among students. my Ng, W. and Nicholas, H. Seven out of ten students successfully completed the assignment on time. The study was conducted by Jennifer, I. et al to describe the new features of e-learning, improve the quality of e- learning and the quality of student learning is assisted by the expertise of academic staff. Results of their study, they found that, there are few of additional features to improve quality at the university level where academic staffs play a key role. Johnson, R. et al explains that the age factor and technological capabilities affecting performance. It also directly affects user satisfaction.

E-Leaning offer distance learning via the Internet, providing opportunities to students through interactive learning experiences and effective. Through e-learning, distance learning partners will be able to learn much knowledge, share information and get as many details about the courses more quickly Guha, A. and Maji, S. In line with the implementation of i-Learn and Blended Learning in UiTM, researchers hope this study will provide benefits and ideas to the decision makers and the national education body. A study done by Arani mentioned that computers have made a dramatic impact to our society, particularly in the field of education. According to Ertmer et al. So, that, computer knowledge and attitudes also play an important role in making educations system more effectively.

Attitudes towards computer technologies are associated with a concept known as computer self-efficacy Delcourt and Kenzie, In furthermore, the concept of self-efficacy was introduced by Bandura at the first time. However, a study done by Wallace found that four factors that influenced the development of computer self-efficacy. These factors were computer anxiety, computer confidence, computer liking and computer knowledge. He reported that computing students expressed low levels of computer anxiety, and higher levels of computer knowledge, computer liking and computer confidence in comparison with education students.

Accessibility 2. Reliability The Marks Obtained Students Characteristics Quiz via i-Learn 1. Self-efficacy 2. Motivation Figure 2. In the left side, its shows the independent variables which is factor affecting the usage of i-Learn. There are two categories falled into this variables which is technology characteristics accessibility and reliability and second category is student characteristic self- efficacy and motivation. Their performance will be measured by the quiz conducted via i-Learn system. This study implemented exploratory research whereby it is conducted to clarify ambiguous problems. Exploratory studies provide information to use in analyzing a situation. Besides that, this research also being analyze by quantitative method using Statistical Package for Science Social SPSS software.

Based on our research, the population is referring to the all students in UiTM Johor because, basically, all students should have their access to i-Learn system. However, as a sample, the researcher took only Diploma Part 1 students. my To obtain the data, the researchers used survey questionnaire and distributed to all respondents that involved in this study. The survey questionnaires divided into 3 parts namely Part A for demographic factors of the student. Part B for technology which focusing on accessibility and reliability. Part C for student characteristics which focusing on self-awareness and motivation. In this study, we have try to synthesized data from surveys carried out in UiTM Johor.

Respondents that involved in this study come from Part 1 Diploma Students. For the first session, the quiz was conducted manually which is lecturer prepared the quiz and give it during lecture session. For the second session, the lecturer prepared the quiz via i-Learn and asked the students to answer all the questions within 5 days. Therefore, their performance will be referred to the marks obtained by them after taking quizzes. Data taken in two ways, namely primary questionnaire and secondary data journals and articles. Basically, the data obtained through questionnaires and interviews. Feedback from respondents on the items in the two instruments are measured using the Likert scale.

Likert scale used where the subject or respondent is required to mark their answers on the statement based on a scale from one extreme to another extreme. This option is a measurement to indicate the degree of agreement and opinion on the strength of the respondents. This scale helps to make the interpretation of the question presented in order of increasing or decreasing. Mean and percentages used to identify factors affecting the usage of i-Learn in UiTM towards students' performance. Pearson correlation method used to determine the degree of correlation between the dependent variable that represents technology characteristics and students characteristics.

Besides that, the Regression will used to determine the most dominant factor of this study. The data collected from samples analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Science SPSS. Its shows that, female respondents are higher than male respondents are and it is tell us male respondents are minimum uses in term of the i-Learn system. Yet, the researchers want to determine the problems that faced by male students. Table Comparison of Mark Obtained By Students As mentioned earlier, the respondents seated two types of quiz that are manual and using i-Learn system. The comparison of the result shown at Table above. my who took the test by using i-Learn performed better than the students who did the test manually.

Thus, there are few of them failed in both methods. Based on the Table , it is shows that respondents Its followed by 35 respondents So, we can say that most of the students do not have any difficulties in accessing the system. According to Table above, its shows that respondents Therefore, of them Table above shows that majority of them which is respondents However, only 25 respondents Therefore, we can say that most of the UiTM students do not have any problems in accessing the system in terms of locations. They also know what is i-Learn system and know how to access the system. Table above shows that Most of students or Most of them or Basically, It is on Table above.

Besides that, The students feel confident that they can access the system anytime The data collected from samples analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Science SPSSS. Descriptive statistic is used to see the cross tabulation and to measure the demographic information about the respondents. Pearson correlation used to identify the relationship between independent variable technology characteristics, student characteristics towards dependent variable student performance and regression analyses were carried out to examine the dominant factor influencing transfer of training. Correlation Interpretation 0. Error of R Square the Estimate 1. my Table 4. Unstandardized Standardized Model Coefficients Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 Constant 1.

This study demonstrated that the self-efficacy, motivation, accessibility and reliability positively related to student performance. Among the four sub-dimensions factors, only student characteristic shows the dominant impact on student performance. Possibly, due to the beliefs of participants used in this study, the student characteristic is the main important point to be considered. This is mainly because the student self-efficacy and motivation tend to use I-learn and it will influence student performance. Based on the result we highly recommended that the university must make a lot of campaign in order to encourage student to use the system. For example, they can make a contest like most of student who access into the system will win a prizes or other remuneration.

It is because there is much so much information in the system that student can use in their studies. Moreover, UiTM management must also promote the student to use i-learn system form the first time they coming here. It is because if they have been exposed with the system from first semester, it will be their habit afterwards and they will use the system regularly. Lecturers also must play their roles in order to encourage student to use the system to enhance their performance. When students want to find the information about the subject related, they only got a few and less information in it. Lecturers can continues the lesson in the i-learn. For example, they can give a quizzes or subject information in it and student can open it anywhere anytime. Rapid E-Learning Software: What Should We Be Looking For?

Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Vol: 21 No. et al Distance Education in China. The Current State of E-Learning. Vol: 26 No. The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, Vol: 10 4 , The Perspective of E-Learning and Libraries in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities. Vol: 59 No. E-Learner Experiences: Key Questions to Ask When Considering Implementing e- Learning. Vol No. E-Learning: The Latest Spectrum in Open and Distance Learning. Vol:4 No. Idris E-Learning Adoption: The Role of Relative Advantages, Trialability and Academic Specialisation. Developing Quality in E-Learning: A Framework in Three Parts. Technology, Trainees, Metacognitive Activity and E-Learning Effectiveness. Journal of Managerial Psychology. Emerald Group Publishing Limited Vol. and Turner, J. Revisiting E-Learning Effectiveness: Proposing a Conceptual Model.

Vol: 6 No. A Progressive Pedagogy for Online Learning With High-Ability Secondary School Students: A Case Study. The Gifted Child Quarterly: Summer ; 54, 3; ProQuest Education Journals pp. An Integrated Evaluation Method for E-Learning: A Case Study. M et al Modeling E-Learning Content. Vol: 3 No. Familiar Problem Re-Visited: The Cooperative Aspects of An E-Learning Environment. RELATED PAPERS. Integrating Brand Perception, Culture Dimension and Social Influence in Predicting Purchase Intention in Luxury Brand Market. Investigating Students Awareness and Usage Intention Towards Halal Labelled Cosmetics and Personal Care Products in Malaysia.

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You know what an essay is, and you know how to respond to readings—but when you hear your professor mention a research proposal or a literature review, your mind might do a double take. Grammarly can check your spelling and save you from grammar and punctuation mistakes. It even proofreads your text, so your work is extra polished wherever you write. Your writing, at its best Grammarly helps you communicate confidently Write with Grammarly. In some cases, part of this goal is to secure funding for said research.

In some cases, a research proposal is a required part of a graduate school application. In every one of these circumstances, research proposals follow the same structure. In a research proposal, the author demonstrates how and why their research is relevant to their field. They demonstrate that the work is necessary to the following:. A research proposal also demonstrates that the author is capable of conducting this research and contributing to the current state of their field in a meaningful way. To do this, your research proposal needs to discuss your academic background and credentials as well as demonstrate that your proposed ideas have academic merit.

Your research proposal also has to cover these things:. Think of a literature review as a mini-research proposal that fits into your larger, main proposal. Research proposals for meatier projects, like Ph. dissertations and funding requests, are often longer and far more detailed. A research proposal follows a fairly straightforward structure. In order to achieve the goals described in the previous section, nearly all research proposals include the following sections:. In a research proposal, an introduction can be a few paragraphs long. These are included just before the introduction. This is where you explain why your research is necessary and how it relates to established research in your field. This is also the section where you clearly define the existing problems your research will address.

In your literature review , you introduce all the sources you plan to use in your research. This includes landmark studies and their data, books, and scholarly articles. In this section, make sure you cover these aspects:. This is where you wrap it all up. Yes, you need to write a bibliography in addition to your literature review. Unlike your literature review, where you explained the relevance of the sources you chose and in some cases, challenged them, your bibliography simply lists your sources and their authors. The three most common style guides for academics are MLA , APA , and Chicago , and each has its own particular rules and requirements.

Keep in mind that each formatting style has specific guidelines for citing just about any kind of source, including photos , websites , speeches , and YouTube videos. Sometimes, a full bibliography is not needed. When this is the case, you can include a references list, which is simply a scaled-down list of all the sources you cited in your work. Research proposals, like all other kinds of academic writing, are written in a formal, objective tone. Keep in mind that being concise is a key component of academic writing; formal does not mean flowery.

Adhere to the structure outlined above. Your reader knows how a research proposal is supposed to read and expects it to fit this template. Every question the reader has while reading your proposal should be answered by the final section. As we said earlier, formal does not mean flowery. In fact, you should aim to keep your writing as brief and to-the-point as possible. The more economically you can express your purpose and goal, the better. Your research proposal should reference one or more of the landmark research pieces in your field and connect your work to these works in some way.

There are probably a lot of great reasons why your research is necessary. In fact, including too many questions and issues in your research proposal can detract from your central purpose, weakening the proposal. Save the minor issues for your research paper itself and cover only the major, key issues you aim to tackle in your proposal. A research proposal is, in essence, a piece of persuasive writing. If your research proposal has spelling or grammatical mistakes, an inconsistent or inappropriate tone, or even just awkward phrasing, those will undermine your credibility. Make sure your research proposal shines by using Grammarly to catch all of those issues. Your research deserves the best proposal possible, and Grammarly can help you make that happen.

How to Write a Research Proposal Lindsay Kramer. Your writing, at its best. Writing, grammar, and communication tips for your inbox.

Yes, you need to write a bibliography in addition to your literature review. These are included just before the introduction. Reliability The Marks Obtained Students Characteristics Quiz via i-Learn 1. Back to the top. Ethical Consideration VIII.

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